An often voiced concern about p-value null hypothesis testing is that p-values cannot be used to quantify evidence in favor of the point null hypothesis. This is particularly worrisome if you conduct a replication study, if you perform an assumption check, if you hope to show empirical support for a theory that posits an invariance, or if you wish to…

Over the last couple of weeks several researchers campaigned for a new movement of statistical reform: To retire statistical significance. Recently, the pamphlet of the movement was published in form of a comment in Nature, and the authors, Valentin Amrhein, Sander Greenland, and Blake McShane, were supported by over 800 signatories. Retire Statistical Significance When reading the comment we agreed…

  Preprint: doi:10.31234/osf.io/wgb64 Abstract “Many statistical scenarios initially involve several candidate models that describe the data-generating process. Analysis often proceeds by first selecting the best model according to some criterion, and then learning about the parameters of this selected model. Crucially however, in this approach the parameter estimates are conditioned on the selected model, and any uncertainty about the model…

Recently I was involved in an Email correspondence where someone claimed that Bayes factors always involve a point null hypothesis, and that the point null is never true — hence, Bayes factors are useless, QED. Previous posts on this blog here and here discussed the scientific relevance (or even inevitability?) of the point null hypothesis, but the deeper problem with…

Preprint: https://psyarxiv.com/5ntkd Abstract “Is it statistically appropriate to monitor evidence for or against a hypothesis as the data accumulate, and stop whenever this evidence is deemed sufficiently compelling? Researchers raised in the tradition of frequentist inference may intuit that such a practice will bias the results and may even lead to “sampling to a foregone conclusion”. In contrast, the Bayesian…

This book review is a translated and slightly adjusted version of one that is currently in press for “De Psycholoog”. The review was inspired by the recent Dutch translation De 7 Doodzonden van de Psychologie (see references below). In his inaugural address on September 11th 2001, Diederik Stapel made a bold claim about the prestige and accomplishments of the field…

Elizabeth Loftus is one of the world’s most influential psychologists and I have the greatest respect for her and her work. Several years ago we attended the same party and I still recall her charisma and good sense of humor. Also, Elizabeth Loftus studied mathematical psychology in Stanford, and that basically makes us academic family. But…just as Stanford math psych…

The universal notation for “the probability of A given B” is p(A | B). We were surprised to learn that the vertical stroke was first introduced by none other than… Sir Harold Jeffreys! At least Jeffreys himself seems to think so, and the sentiment is echoed on the website “Earliest Uses of Symbols in Probability and Statistics” Specifically, on page…